When you have a dynamic web application that has a need of big payload of data at once you will need a caching management system that will optimize the loading process by scheduling what, how much and when to be loaded. Of course there are several PHP extensions that are available. But first to mention is that there are two levels of optimizing the loading of the data in a web appication:
level 1: local optimization
level 2: distributed (over several application servers)
maybe level 3: (disk caching if plausible)
level 1: For the first level now there are several well known accelerators like APC(Alternative PHP Cache), eAccelerator, XCache. Here is a wikipedia page for them opcode php cachers. The most popular is APC which will be built into the next versions of the php, probalbly 5.5 or newer. APC and alike are very useful for bytecode caching i.e when you have many php pages to load it would be better to have them cached in memory rather than load them with each php request. But in either case you can use also data caching. When the data is distributed you have to use something else.
level 2: The second level is for web applications that are distributed accross several web application servers and have need of distributed data. Here comes into place one and well know caching system called memcached (http://memcached.org/)
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